Ihererekanyabubasha nigice cyingenzi mubikorwa bya kijyambere byimodoka kandi bigira uruhare runini mumikorere no mumikorere yikinyabiziga. Bahuza imikorere ya garebox, itandukanyirizo hamwe na drake ya axle mubice bimwe, bituma habaho ibishushanyo mbonera no kunoza ikwirakwizwa ryibiro. Iyi blog izasesengura ibintu bikunze kuboneka mugukwirakwiza bisanzwe, imikorere yabo, porogaramu nibyiza batanga muburyo butandukanye bwimodoka.
Igice cya 1: Ikwirakwizwa ni iki?
1.1 Ibisobanuro
Ihererekanyabubasha nigikoresho cyimashini ihuza ihererekanyabubasha hamwe nigice kimwe. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumodoka itwara ibiziga byimbere, ariko irashobora no gukoreshwa mubice bimwe byimodoka yinyuma ninyuma yimodoka yose. Ihererekanyabubasha ryemerera imbaraga kwimurwa kuva kuri moteri kugera kumuziga mugihe zitanga kugabanya ibikoresho no kugwiza umuriro.
1.2 Ibice byohereza
Ikwirakwizwa risanzwe rigizwe nibice byinshi byingenzi:
- Ihererekanyabubasha: Iki gice cyihererekanyabubasha gifite inshingano zo guhindura igipimo cyibikoresho, bituma ikinyabiziga cyihuta kandi cyihuta neza.
- Itandukaniro: Itandukaniro ryemerera ibiziga kuzunguruka ku muvuduko utandukanye, ni ngombwa mugihe uhindukiye.
- Driveshaft: Driveshaft ihererekanya imbaraga kuva ihererekanyabiziga, kugera ku kugenda.
1.3 Ubwoko bwo kohereza
Ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera na porogaramu, ihererekanyabubasha rishobora kugabanywa muburyo butandukanye:
- Ihererekanyabubasha: Ihererekanyabubasha risaba umushoferi guhindura intoki akoresheje ibyuma bifata pedal na lever.
- Ikwirakwizwa ryikora: Iyimura ikoresha sisitemu ya hydraulic kugirango ihite ihinduranya ibikoresho ukurikije umuvuduko nuburemere bwimiterere.
- Gukomeza Guhinduranya (CVT): Batanga umubare utagira ingano wibikoresho byerekana ibikoresho, bigatuma kwihuta neza nta guhinduranya ibikoresho bigaragara.
Igice cya 2: Ibintu nyamukuru biranga imiyoboro isanzwe
Ikigereranyo cy'ibikoresho
Kimwe mu bintu byingenzi biranga itumanaho ni igipimo cyibikoresho. Ibipimo byerekana ibikoresho byerekana imbaraga ziva muri moteri zijya mu ruziga, bigira ingaruka ku kwihuta, umuvuduko wo hejuru, no gukoresha peteroli. Ihererekanyabubasha risanzwe rifite ibipimo byinshi byo kwemerera gukora neza muburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara.
2.2 Uburyo butandukanye
Uburyo butandukanye ni ngombwa kugirango ibiziga bihinduke ku muvuduko utandukanye, cyane cyane iyo bihindutse. Ikwirakwizwa risanzwe rishobora kugira ibintu bikurikira:
- Fungura itandukaniro: Ubu ni ubwoko busanzwe kandi butuma ibiziga bizunguruka mu bwisanzure. Ariko, niba uruziga rumwe runyerera, bizatera igihombo.
- Itandukaniro Rito Ritandukanye: Ubu bwoko butanga uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza imbaraga mumuziga hamwe no gufata cyane, bigatuma biba byiza kubinyabiziga bikora cyane.
- Gufunga Itandukaniro: Iyi mikorere ifunga ibiziga byombi hamwe kugirango bikururwe cyane mumihanda cyangwa kunyerera.
2.3 Module yo kugenzura imiyoboro (TCM)
Module yo kugenzura ihererekanyabubasha nigice cya elegitoroniki icunga imikorere yikwirakwizwa. Ikurikirana ibipimo bitandukanye, nkumuvuduko wibinyabiziga, umutwaro wa moteri hamwe na trottle umwanya, kugirango umenye ibikoresho bitanga imikorere myiza kandi neza. Iyi mikorere ni ingenzi cyane muburyo bwohereza no gukoresha CVT.
2.4 Sisitemu yo gukonjesha
Ihererekanyabubasha ritanga ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gukora, rishobora kuganisha ku kwambara imburagihe no gutsindwa. Ubusanzwe kwanduza bizaba birimo sisitemu yo gukonjesha kugirango igabanye ubushyuhe kandi ikomeze ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora. Ibi bishobora kubamo:
- Amavuta yohereza: Aya mavuta asiga ibice byimuka kandi agafasha kwimura ubushyuhe kure yikwirakwizwa.
- Imirongo ikonje: Iyi mirongo itwara amazi yohereza no gukonjesha, ubusanzwe iba imbere yumuriro wikinyabiziga.
2.5 Uburyo bwo guhinduranya ibikoresho
Uburyo bwo guhinduranya butuma umushoferi ahindura ibyuma muburyo bwohereza intoki, cyangwa kuri sisitemu yikora kugirango ihindure ibyuma bidasubirwaho. Ubwoko busanzwe bwo guhinduranya harimo:
- Cable Operated Shifters: Iyimura ikoresha insinga kugirango ihuze iyimurwa, itanga ibyerekezo kandi byitondewe.
- Shiferi ya elegitoronike: Koresha ibimenyetso bya elegitoronike kugirango igenzure ibikoresho, byemerera guhinduranya ibikoresho neza.
2.6 Guhindura Torque (muri Automatic Transmission)
Mu buryo bwikora bwohereza, torque ihindura ni ikintu cyingenzi gifasha kwihuta neza bidakenewe clutch. Ikoresha hydraulic fluid kugirango yimure ingufu ziva kuri moteri zijyane, zituma ikinyabiziga kigenda nubwo moteri idakora.
2.7 Gutwara inteko
Inteko ya transaxle ishinzwe guhererekanya imbaraga kuva ihererekanyabiziga. Mubisanzwe birimo:
- Axle: Ihuza garebox kumuziga kugirango ugere kumashanyarazi.
- CV IHURIRO: Guhuza umuvuduko uhoraho byemerera guhererekanya amashanyarazi neza mugihe uhuza hejuru no hepfo yo guhagarikwa.
Igice cya 3: Gusaba kohereza
3.1 Ibinyabiziga bigenda imbere
Ihererekanyabubasha rikoreshwa cyane mubinyabiziga bigenda imbere kugirango bifashe guhuza umwanya no kugabana ibiro. Mugushira moteri hamwe nogukwirakwiza imbere yikinyabiziga, ababikora barashobora gushiraho icyumba kinini kubagenzi nimizigo.
3.2 Imodoka
Imodoka nyinshi za siporo zikoresha itumanaho kugirango zitezimbere imikorere nimikorere. Igishushanyo cyemerera gukwirakwiza ibiro neza, kunoza ubushobozi bwo gutegera no gutuza. Mubyongeyeho, itandukaniro-kunyerera itandukanijwe akenshi ikoreshwa mugukurura cyane mugihe cyo kwihuta.
3.3 Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi na Hybrid
Hamwe no kuzamuka kwimodoka zamashanyarazi nizivanga, imiyoboro iragenda ihinduka kugirango yakire moteri yamashanyarazi. Izi modoka zikunze kwerekana uburyo bworoshye bwo kohereza kuko moteri yamashanyarazi itanga urumuri rwihuse kandi ntisaba ibikoresho byinshi kugirango bikore neza.
3.4 Ikinyabiziga cyose gifite ibiziga bine
Imiyoboro ikoreshwa kandi mu binyabiziga byose (AWD) no gutwara ibiziga bine (4WD). Izi sisitemu akenshi zirimo ibice byinyongera, nkikibazo cyo kwimura, kugirango bigabanye imbaraga kumuziga uko ari ine, bityo bizamura gukurura no gutuza mubihe bitandukanye byo gutwara.
Igice cya 4: Ibyiza byo kohereza
4.1
Kimwe mu byiza byingenzi byo kohereza ni igishushanyo mbonera cyacyo. Muguhuza imiyoboro no gutandukana mubice bimwe, abayikora barashobora kubika umwanya no kugabanya uburemere bwikinyabiziga. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane mumodoka nto aho umwanya ari muto.
4.2 Kunoza ikwirakwizwa ryibiro
Ihererekanyabubasha rifasha kunoza uburemere bwikinyabiziga, cyane cyane muburyo bwimodoka. Mugushira moteri hamwe nogukwirakwiza imbere, hagati yikinyabiziga gikurura imbaraga, bikongerera umutekano no gukora.
4.3 Kunoza imikorere
Ikwirakwizwa ryakozwe kugirango ritange imikorere ishimishije, harimo kwihuta byihuse no kongera ingufu za peteroli. Ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibipimo byerekana ibikoresho no gukoresha sisitemu itandukanye itandukanye bigira uruhare muburambe bwo gutwara neza.
4.4 Kubungabunga byoroshye
Ihererekanyabubasha rishobora koroshya kubungabunga no gusana. Kuberako bahuza imirimo myinshi mubice bimwe, abatekinisiye barashobora gukorera inteko yose aho gukora kubice.
Igice cya 5: Ibibazo n'ibitekerezo
5.1 Igishushanyo mbonera
Mugihe itumanaho ritanga inyungu nyinshi, ubunini bwazo nabwo bugaragaza ibibazo. Kwinjiza sisitemu nyinshi mubice bimwe birashobora gusana bigoye kandi birashobora gusaba ubumenyi nibikoresho byihariye.
5.2 Gucunga Ubushyuhe
Ihererekanyabubasha ritanga ubushyuhe mugihe gikora, rishobora gutera kwambara no gutsindwa niba bidacunzwe neza. Kugenzura ubukonje buhagije no gukoresha amazi meza yo kwanduza ni ngombwa kugirango ukomeze imikorere no kuramba.
5.3 Igiciro cyo Gusimbuza
Iyo kunanirwa bibaye, gusimbuza ihererekanyabubasha birashobora kubahenze kubera inzira igoye kandi ikora cyane. Kubungabunga no gukurikirana buri gihe birashobora kugabanya ibi byago.
Igice cya 6: Ejo hazaza h'ikwirakwizwa
6.1 Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga
Mugihe tekinoroji yimodoka ikomeje gutera imbere, itumanaho rishobora kubona iterambere ryingenzi. Ibice by'ingenzi by'iterambere birimo:
- Kwishyira hamwe nimbaraga zamashanyarazi: Mugihe ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigenda byiyongera, imiyoboro ikenera guhuza nogukorana na moteri yamashanyarazi na sisitemu ya batiri.
- Ikwirakwizwa ryubwenge: Ihuriro rya sensor hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura igezweho irashobora kuganisha ku bwenge bworoheje butunganya imikorere ishingiye kumiterere yo gutwara.
6.2 Ibitekerezo birambye
Mugihe gushimangira kuramba bikomeje kwiyongera, ababikora barimo gushakisha uburyo bwo kohereza imiyoboro yangiza ibidukikije. Harimo gukoresha ibikoresho bisubirwamo no kuzamura ingufu mubikorwa no mubikorwa.
6.3 Imodoka yonyine
Kuzamuka kwimodoka yigenga bizagira ingaruka no muburyo bwo kohereza. Mugihe ibinyabiziga bigenda byikora, gukenera sisitemu yo kugenzura ihererekanyabubasha bizagenda byiyongera, bitume habaho udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ryohereza.
mu gusoza
Ihererekanyabubasha nigice cyingenzi cyimodoka zigezweho, zitanga inyungu nyinshi muburyo bwo gukora, gukora neza, no gukoresha umwanya. Gusobanukirwa ibiranga n'imikorere yo kohereza bisanzwe birashobora gufasha abaguzi hamwe nabakunda gutwara ibinyabiziga gusobanukirwa nubuhanga bwimodoka zabo. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, ihererekanyabubasha rizakomeza gutera imbere kugira ngo rihuze ibikenerwa n’ingufu nshya, sisitemu zo gutwara, n’intego zirambye z’iterambere, byemeze akamaro kazoza mu gihe cyo gutwara abantu.
Ibikoresho by'inyongera
Kubashaka kumenya byinshi kubijyanye no kohereza no gutwara ibinyabiziga, nyamuneka tekereza gushakisha ibikoresho bikurikira:
- Sosiyete y'Abashinzwe Imodoka:SAE Mpuzamahanga
- Uburyo Ibintu bikora - Uburyo bwo kohereza bukora:HowStuffWorks
- Imodoka n'umushoferi - Sobanukirwa no kohereza:Imodoka n'umushoferi
Mugukomeza kumenyeshwa no gusezerana, twese dushobora gusobanukirwa byimbitse tekinoroji ikoresha ibinyabiziga byacu hamwe nudushya tugena ejo hazaza h'ubwikorezi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-15-2024