Transmissions chinhu chakakosha muinjiniya yemotokari yemazuva ano uye inoita basa rakakosha mukuita nekushanda kwemotokari. Ivo vanosanganisa mabasa egiya bhokisi, mutsauko uye dhiraivha axle muchikamu chimwe chete, zvichibvumira mamwe madhizaini madhizaini uye yakagadziridzwa uremu kugovera. Iyi blog inoongorora maficha anowanzo kuwanikwa mune yakajairwa kutapurirana, mabasa avo, maapplication uye zvakanakira zvavanopa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari.
Chitsauko 1: Chii chinonzi kutapurirana?
1.1 Tsanangudzo
Kutapurirana mudziyo wemuchina unobatanidza kutapurirana uye ekisi muchikamu chimwe chete. Inonyanya kushandiswa kumberi-vhiri dhiraivha mota, asi inogona zvakare kushandiswa mune mamwe kumashure-vhiri dhiraivha uye ese-mavhiri dhiraivha masisitimu. Iko kutapurirana kunobvumira simba kutamiswa kubva injini kuenda kumavhiri uku ichipa kuderedzwa kwegiya uye torque kuwanda.
1.2 Zvikamu zvekutumira
Yakajairika kutapurirana inosanganisira akati wandei akakosha zvikamu:
- Kufambisa: Ichi chikamu chekufambisa chine basa rekuchinja giya reshiyo, zvichibvumira mota kuti ikurumidze uye iderere zvakanaka.
- Musiyano: Musiyano unobvumira mavhiri kutenderera nekumhanya kwakasiyana, izvo zvakakosha pakutendeuka.
- Driveshaft: Iyo driveshaft inotamisa simba kubva mukufambiswa kuenda kumavhiri, kuita kufamba.
1.3 Kutapurirana Type
Zvichienderana nedhizaini uye mashandisiro, kutumira kunogona kukamurwa kuva marudzi akati wandei:
- Manual Transmission: Uku kutapurirana kunoda kuti mutyairi achinje magiya achishandisa clutch pedal uye giya lever.
- Automatic Transmission: Aya mafambisirwo anoshandisa hydraulic system kuchinjisa otomatiki magiya zvichienderana nekumhanya uye kurodha mamiriro.
- Kuenderera mberi Variable Transmission (CVT): Ivo vanopa isingaperi nhamba yegiya reshiyo, ichibvumira kukwirisa kwakatsetseka pasina anooneka giya shanduko.
Chitsauko 2: Mamiriro makuru ezvakajairwa kutapurirana
2.1 Gear Ratiyo
Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha maficha ekutapurirana ndeye giya reshiyo. Gear ratios inoona kuti simba rinofambiswa sei kubva muinjini kuenda kumavhiri, zvichikanganisa kukurumidza, kumhanya kwepamusoro, uye kushanda kwemafuta. Iyo yakajairwa kutapurirana ichave neakawanda magiya reshiyo kuti abvumire kuita kwakaringana mumamiriro akasiyana ekutyaira.
2.2 Differential Mechanism
Iyo yekusiyanisa meshini yakakosha kubvumira mavhiri kutenderera nekumhanya kwakasiyana, kunyanya kana achitendeuka. Yakajairika kutapurirana inogona kunge iine zvinotevera zvinhu:
- Vhura musiyano: Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mhando uye inobvumira mavhiri kutenderera akasununguka. Zvisinei, kana vhiri rimwe rikatsvedza, zvinokonzeresa kurasikirwa kwekudhonza.
- Yakaganhurirwa Slip Differential: Rudzi urwu runopa zvirinani kudhonza nekufambisa simba kumavhiri ane yakawanda grip, zvichiita kuti ive yakanakira mota dzepamusoro-soro.
- Kukiya Musiyano: Ichi chimiro chinokiya mavhiri maviri pamwe chete kuti akwanise kudhonza zvakanyanya munzira isiri-nzira kana inotsvedza.
2.3 Transmission Control Module (TCM)
Iyo Transmission Control Module ndiyo chikamu chemagetsi chinodzora mashandiro ekutapurirana. Iyo inotarisisa akasiyana ma paramita, akadai sekumhanya kwemotokari, injini mutoro uye throttle chinzvimbo, kuona giya rinopa kuita kwakanyanya uye kugona. Iri basa rinonyanya kukosha mune otomatiki uye CVT kutapurirana.
2.4 Liquid Kutonhora System
Kutapurirana kunounza kupisa panguva yekushanda, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira mukupfeka nguva isati yakwana uye kukundikana. Iyo yakajairika kutapurirana inosanganisira yemvura inotonhorera sisitimu yekubvisa kupisa uye kuchengetedza yakanyanya tembiricha yekushandisa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Mafuta ekutakurisa: Mafuta aya anozora zvikamu zvinofamba uye anobatsira kutamisa kupisa kubva pakutakurwa.
- Mitsetse Inotonhodza: Mitsetse iyi inotakura mvura yekufambisa kuenda nekubva kune inotonhorera, iyo inowanzowanikwa pamberi pe radiator yemotokari.
2.5 Gear Shift Mechanism
Iyo yekuchinja michina inobvumira mutyairi kushandura magiya mune dhizaini rekufambisa, kana kuti otomatiki system ichinje magiya zvisina musono. Mhando dzakajairika dzemashift mechanisms dzinosanganisira:
- Cable Inoshanda Shifters: Aya mashifters anoshandisa tambo kubatanidza shifter kune kutapurirana, ichipa yakananga uye inopindura kunzwa.
- Electronic Shifter: Inoshandisa masaini emagetsi kudzora kuchinjika kwegiya, ichibvumira kunyatsoita uye kwakanyatso shanduka giya.
2.6 Torque Shandura (muOtomatiki Transmission)
Mune otomatiki kutapurirana, iyo torque inoshandura chinhu chakakosha chinogonesa kukurumidza kukwirisa pasina kudiwa kweclutch. Inoshandisa hydraulic fluid kuendesa simba kubva muinjini kuenda kune kutapurirana, ichibvumira mota kufamba kunyangwe injini iri kuita id.
2.7 Dhiraivha axle musangano
Iyo transaxle assembly ine basa rekutamisa simba kubva kune kutapurirana kuenda kumavhiri. Kazhinji inosanganisira:
- Axle: Inobatanidza giya bhokisi kumavhiri kuti uwane kutapurirana kwemagetsi.
- CV JOINT: Nguva dzose velocity majoini anobvumira kufambiswa kwemagetsi kwakatsetseka uku uchigadzirisa kukwira nekudzika kwekufamba kwekumiswa.
Chitsauko 3: Transmission Application
3.1 Motokari dzemberi
Mafambisirwo anonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari dzemberi-mavhiri kubatsira kukwirisa nzvimbo uye kugovera huremu. Nekuisa injini uye kutapurirana pamberi pemotokari, vagadziri vanogona kugadzira imwe nzvimbo yevafambi uye kutakura zvinhu.
3.2 Sports Car
Mazhinji mota dzemitambo dzinoshandisa kutapurirana kuvandudza kuita uye kubata. Iyi dhizaini inobvumira zviri nani kugovera uremu, kuvandudza kugona kwekona uye kugadzikana. Pamusoro pezvo, kusiyanisa-kutsvedza kwakaganhurirwa kunowanzo shandiswa kukwirisa traction panguva yekumhanyisa.
3.3 Magetsi uye Hybrid Mota
Nekukwira kwemotokari dzemagetsi uye dzakasanganiswa, mafambisirwo ari kuitika kuti agare emagetsi emagetsi. Idzi mota dzinowanzo ratidza madhizaini akareruka nekuti mota dzemagetsi dzinopa torque ipapo uye haidi magiya akawanda kuti ashande nemazvo.
3.4 All-wheel drive uye mana-mavhiri dhiraivha mota
Mafambisirwo anoshandiswawo mune ese-mavhiri (AWD) uye mana-mavhiri dhiraivha (4WD) mota. Aya masisitimu anowanzo sanganisira zvimwe zvikamu, senge kesi yekuchinjisa, kugovera simba kune ese mavhiri mana, nekudaro kunowedzera traction uye kugadzikana mumamiriro akasiyana ekutyaira.
Chitsauko 4: Zvakanakira Kutapurirana
4.1 Kubudirira Kwenzvimbo
Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru ekufambisa ndeye compact dhizaini. Nekubatanidza kutapurirana uye kusiyanisa muchikamu chimwe chete, vagadziri vanogona kuchengetedza nzvimbo uye kuderedza huremu hwese hwemotokari. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira mumotokari diki umo nzvimbo ishoma.
4.2 Kuvandudza kugoverwa kwehuremu
Iko kutapurirana kunobatsira kuvandudza uremu hwemotokari, kunyanya kumberi-vhiri dhiraivha masisitimu. Nekuisa injini uye kutapurirana kumberi, nzvimbo yepakati yemotokari inodzikiswa, ichiwedzera kugadzikana uye kubata.
4.3 Kuwedzera kuita
Iyo dhizaini yakagadzirirwa kuunza yakagadziridzwa maitiro ekuita, kusanganisira kukurumidza kukurumidza uye nekuvandudzwa kwemafuta. Iko kugona kukwirisa giya reshiyo uye kushandisa yepamberi mutsauko system inobatsira kune inoteedzera yekutyaira ruzivo.
4.4 Kugadzirisa kuri nyore
Mafambisirwo anogona kurerutsa kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa. Nekuti ivo vanosanganisa mabasa akawanda kuita yuniti imwe, matekinika anogona kazhinji kushandira gungano rose pane kushanda pazvikamu zvega.
Chitsauko 5: Matambudziko Nekufunga
5.1 Dhizaini Yakaoma
Nepo kutapurirana kuchipa akawanda mabhenefiti, kuoma kwavo kunopawo matambudziko. Kubatanidza masisitimu akawanda muchikamu chimwe chete kunogona kuita kuti kugadzirisa kuve kwakaoma uye kungangoda ruzivo rwakanyanya uye maturusi.
5.2 Thermal Management
Kutapurirana kunogadzira kupisa panguva yekushanda, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kupera uye kutadza kana zvikasabatwa nemazvo. Kuve nechokwadi chekutonhora kwakakwana uye kushandisa yemhando yepamusoro yekufambisa mvura kwakakosha kuchengetedza kuita uye hupenyu hurefu.
5.3 Kutsiva Mutengo
Kamwe kukundikana kunoitika, kutsiva kutapurirana kunogona kudhura nekuda kweiyo yakaoma uye inoshanda-yakanyanya maitiro. Kugara uchigadzirisa uye kutarisa kunogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi iyi.
Chitsauko 6: Ramangwana Rekutapurirana
6.1 Tekinoroji Kufambira mberi
Sezvo tekinoroji yemotokari ichienderera mberi, kutapurirana kungangoona kufambira mberi kwakakosha. Nzvimbo dzakakosha dzebudiriro dzinosanganisira:
- Kubatanidzwa nemagetsi powertrains: Sezvo mota dzemagetsi dzichiwedzera kuwanda, kufambisa kunoda kuchinjika kushanda nemagetsi emagetsi uye mabhatiri masisitimu.
- Intelligent Transmission: Iko kusanganiswa kwema sensors uye epamusoro kudzora masisitimu anogona kutungamira kune yakangwara kutapurirana iyo inokwidziridza kuita kunoenderana nekutyaira mamiriro.
6.2 Sustainability Mafungiro
Sezvo kusimbiswa kwekuenderera mberi kuri kuramba kuchikura, vagadziri vari kutsvaga nzira dzekuita kuti kutapurirana kuwedzere hushamwari. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa zvinhu zvinogadziriswa zvakare uye kuvandudza kugona kwesimba mukugadzira nekushanda.
6.3 Mota dzinozvifambisa wega
Kusimuka kwemotokari dzinozvimiririra kuchakanganisa dhizaini yekufambisa. Sezvo mota dzichiwedzera otomatiki, kudiwa kwemasisitimu ekufambisa ekufambisa kuchakura, kufambisa humwe hunyanzvi muhunyanzvi hwekutapurirana.
mukupedzisa
Iko kutapurirana chinhu chakakosha chemotokari dzemazuvano, ichipa akawanda mabhenefiti maererano nekuita, kugona, uye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo. Kunzwisisa maficha uye mabasa eiyo yakajairwa kutapurirana kunogona kubatsira vatengi uye vanofarira mota kuti vanzwisise huinjiniya kuseri kwemotokari dzavo. Sezvo tekinoroji ichienderera mberi, kutapurirana kucharamba kuchishanduka kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemagetsi matsva, masisitimu ekutyaira, uye zvinangwa zvekusimudzira, kuve nechokwadi kukosha kwayo mune ramangwana rekufambisa.
Zvimwe Zvishandiso
Kune avo vanofarira kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kutapurirana uye mota engineering, ndapota funga kuongorora zvinotevera zviwanikwa:
- Society of Automotive Engineers:SAE International
- HowStuff Inoshanda - Mashandiro Ekufambisa Kunoshanda:HowStuffWorks
- Mota uye Mutyairi - Kunzwisisa Kutapurirana:Mota uye Mutyairi
Nekugara tichiziva uye tichibatikana, tese tinogona kuwana kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwematekinoroji anosimbisa mota dzedu uye hutsva huri kuumba ramangwana rekufambisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-15-2024